Glycocholic acid is a bile acid with demonstrated anticancer activity. It targets both pump resistance-related and non-pump resistance-related pathways. It increases the cytotoxicity of epirubicin, enhances its intracellular accumulation, and improves its absorption, intensifying epirubicin-induced apoptosis. Combining it with anticancer drugs can help control multidrug resistance by modulating P-gp and MRPs, and by regulating apoptosis-related pathways.
- Increases cytotoxicity of epirubicin
- Enhances intracellular accumulation of epirubicin
- Improves absorption of epirubicin in rat small intestine
- Intensifies epirubicin-induced apoptosis
- Reduces mRNA expression of MDR1, MRP1, and MRP2
- Downregulates MDR1 promoter region
- Suppresses Bcl-2 mRNA expression
- Induces Bax mRNA expression
- Increases Bax-to-Bcl-2 ratio and mRNA levels of p53, caspase-9, and -3